Renal cell carcinoma, also known as kidney cancer, is a type of cancer that originates in the lining of the tubules in the kidney. It is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, accounting for around 90-95% of cases. Renal cell carcinoma typically affects adults, with the average age at diagnosis being around 64 years old. There are several subtypes of renal cell carcinoma, with the most common being clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Other subtypes include papillary, chromophobe, and collecting duct carcinomas. Risk factors for developing renal cell carcinoma include smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, and a family history of the disease. Symptoms of renal cell carcinoma can include blood in the urine, back pain, weight loss, and fatigue. Treatment options for renal cell carcinoma may include surgery, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. The choice of treatment depends on the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and other individual factors. Research in renal cell carcinoma aims to better understand the underlying causes of the disease, develop more effective treatment options, and improve outcomes for patients. This may involve studying the genetics of the cancer, identifying biomarkers for early detection, and exploring novel therapies.